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June 7, 2026Diabetes

Youth-onset type 2 diabetes was associated with persistently higher heart rate and lower SDNN during exercise recovery compared to controls with obesity (P<0.05).

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Why the study?

Does youth-onset type 2 diabetes reduce heart rate variability and autonomic recovery during submaximal exercise compared to obesity alone?

Population

25 participants, mean age 20±3 years, 52% female, 76% Black.

Comparison

Youth-onset type 2 diabetes (Y-T2D) vs Controls with obesity

Design

Cohort

Follow-up

24 hours

Key result

Youth-onset type 2 diabetes was associated with persistently higher heart rate and lower SDNN during exercise recovery compared to controls with obesity (P<0.05).

Authors

IKILA N. KACKERMGMADILYN M. GAYDOSNSNATHAN GRANT SALA

Discussion

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Overview

Youth-onset type 2 diabetes is associated with reduced post-exercise autonomic recovery compared to obesity alone, indicating early cardiac autonomic dysfunction.

Key Points

  • This study aims to assess autonomic function in youth-onset type 2 diabetes versus controls with obesity by comparing heart rate variability.
  • 19 youth-onset type 2 diabetes and 6 obesity controls participated in a prospective study.
  • Participants wore monitors to assess heart rate and HRV during a submaximal exercise test.
  • Comparative analyses were performed using Welch’s t-tests, Fisher’s exact tests, and two-way ANOVA.
  • No significant differences in 24-h heart rate variability were observed (all P>0.05).
  • Youth-onset type 2 diabetes showed elevated heart rate and reduced SDNN during recovery (P<0.05).
  • Significant group-by-time interactions indicated impaired post-exercise autonomic recovery in youth-onset type 2 diabetes.

Study Design

Type

Observational (n=25)

Structured PICO

Does youth-onset type 2 diabetes reduce heart rate variability and autonomic recovery during submaximal exercise compared to obesity alone?

P
Population
25 young adults (mean age 20 years, 52% female) with youth-onset type 2 diabetes or obesity (controls) assessed for heart rate variability.
E
Exposure
Youth-onset type 2 diabetes (Y-T2D)
C
Comparator
Controls with obesity
O
Outcome
Heart rate (HR) and SDNN (measure of overall HRV) over 24-h and for 1-minute intervals before, during, and after an Astrand-Rhyming submaximal exercise testsurrogate

Main Result

p-value: p=<0.05

Youth-onset type 2 diabetes is associated with reduced post-exercise autonomic recovery compared to obesity alone, indicating early cardiac autonomic dysfunction.

Cite This Study

KACKER et al. (2026) conducted an observational in Youth-onset type 2 diabetes (n=25). Youth-onset type 2 diabetes vs. Controls with obesity was evaluated on Heart rate and SDNN over 24-h and during/after submaximal exercise (p=<0.05). Youth-onset type 2 diabetes was associated with persistently higher heart rate and lower SDNN during exercise recovery compared to controls with obesity (P<0.05).

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a250b0e7def13d035e1b0achttps://doi.org/10.2337/db26-2939-lb
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Heart Rate Variability and Diastolic Dysfunction in Children with Type 1 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study2025
  2. 21419-P: Sex Differences in Cardiac Remodeling in Young Adults with Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity2026
  3. 32081-P: Early Vascular Aging in Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: Associations with Glucose and Insulin Responses in the Young at Heart Study2026
  4. 4Acute effects of a high fat and high carbohydrate meal with and without subsequent physical activity on cardiac autonomic modulation in people with type 2 diabetes2025
  5. 51125-OR: Effects of Exercise Training on Cardiovascular Function by Cardiorespiratory Fitness Response in Obesity with and without Type 2 Diabetes2026