Democratic Leadership Among Department Heads in Sabah, Malaysia: A Quantitative Study on Lecturers’ Perceptions

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Lecturers perceive their department heads as democratic only 52.5 to 68.9 percent of the time, indicating a significant concern.
With a top agreement of 78.7 percent, merging staff expertise was seen as a positive aspect of democratic leadership.
Nonparametric tests showed no significant differences in democratic leadership perceptions based on gender, age, or experience among lecturers.
The study highlights the need for promoting democratic leadership in private higher education institutions in Sabah.

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Quantitative analysis reveals low democratic leadership perception among lecturers in Sabah, suggesting improvements are needed.

Yong et al. (2025) studied this question.

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