Induction of pan-azole resistance in Cryptococcus neoformans by agrochemical azole uniconazole through upregulation of efflux and chromosomal disomies

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Exposure to uniconazole resulted in antifungal resistance in Cryptococcus neoformans, impacting treatment options.
A significant increase in efflux pump activity was observed, indicating altered gene expressions linked to azole resistance.
Manipulation of the AFR1 gene demonstrated its role in azole resistance, with unexpected results on sensitivity to amphotericin B.
These findings highlight the influence of agrochemicals on fungal resistance, emphasizing the need for comprehensive environmental considerations.

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This study reveals the role of uniconazole in inducing antifungal resistance and efflux activity in Cryptococcus neoformans.

Zhang et al. (2025) studied this question.

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