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September 10, 2025MedicinaOpen Access

Clinical Evidence for Microbiome-Based Strategies in Cancer Immunotherapy: A State-of-the-Art Review

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Authors

FPFausto PetrelliAGAntonio GhidiniLDLorenzo Dottorini

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Overview

Narrative review highlights microbiome's role in immune-checkpoint inhibitor efficacy in cancer therapy.

Key Points

  • Patients with greater gut microbial diversity show longer overall survival, especially in melanoma and non-small-cell lung cancer.
  • Antibiotic use before immune-checkpoint inhibitors is linked to worse outcomes, while certain dietary interventions improve immune indicators.
  • Fecal microbiota transplantation in ICI-refractory melanoma may yield response rates of 20–40%, highlighting potential therapeutic strategies.
  • Machine-learning classifiers using microbiome profiles can predict ICI responses effectively, though methodological inconsistencies remain.

Cite This Study

Petrelli et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/68c23bd7b210217d647868c6https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61091595
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Dietary Patterns and Gut Microbiome Modulation in Cancer Immunotherapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis2025
  2. 2Microbiome meets immunotherapy: unlocking the hidden predictors of immune checkpoint inhibitors2025
  3. 3Harnessing the Gut Microbiome in Cancer Immunotherapy: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Routes to Personalized Medicine—A Systematic Review2025 · 6 citations
  4. 4Gut microbiota shapes cancer immunotherapy responses2025
  5. 5The relationship between gut microbiota and cancer immune response and immunotherapy2026