What is the clinical evidence from this study?

Study design: Cross-Sectional. Population: Poor sleep quality (n=246). Intervention: Diet diversity vs. Lower diet diversity. Primary outcome: Poor sleep quality (PSQI global score > 5) (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.78-1.00, p=0.042).

What question did this study set out to answer?

Assess the relationship between diet diversity and sleep quality among medical students.

July 2, 2026Health Science ReportsOpen Access

Higher diet diversity linked to ~12% lower odds of poor sleep per point increase.

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Why the study?

Is higher diet diversity associated with better sleep quality among medical students?

Population

246 undergraduate medical students (first to final year) at Rawalpindi Medical University, 61% female.

Comparison

Higher diet diversity vs Lower diet diversity

Design

Cross-sectional

Key result

Higher diet diversity was associated with better sleep quality among medical students, reducing the odds of poor sleep by 11.8% per one-point score increase (OR 0.88; 95% CI 0.78-1.00; p=0.042).

Authors

ZSZainab Salam MKMuhammad Khalid SSSobia Safeer

Discussion

Member takes

Overview

Diet diversity may merit consideration for sleep in medical students; leaves open causality pending prospective trials.

Key Points

Assess the relationship between diet diversity and sleep quality among medical students.
Cross-sectional study conducted among 246 undergraduate medical students at Rawalpindi Medical University.
Diet Quality Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Healthy Eating Index were used for data collection.
Data analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 26.
More than 70% of participants reported poor sleep quality.
Each one-point increase in diet diversity score was associated with an 11.8% reduction in odds of poor sleep (OR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.78–1.00, p = 0.042).
Higher body mass index was significantly associated with poorer sleep quality (p = 0.04).

Study Design

Type

Cross-Sectional (n=246)

Multicenter

Structured PICO

Is higher diet diversity associated with better sleep quality among medical students?

Population

246 undergraduate medical students (61% female) assessed for the association between diet diversity and sleep quality.

Exposure

Higher diet diversity (measured by Dietary Diversity Score derived from the Diet Quality Questionnaire)

Comparator

Lower diet diversity

Outcome

Sleep quality (measured by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, with poor sleep defined as global score > 5)patient reported

Main Result

Odds Ratio: 0.88 (95% CI 0.78–1)

p-value: p=0.042

Greater diet diversity is associated with better sleep quality among medical students, suggesting diet and BMI management as potential targets for improving sleep.

Cite This Study

Salam et al. (2026) conducted a cross-sectional in Poor sleep quality (n=246). Diet diversity vs. Lower diet diversity was evaluated on Poor sleep quality (PSQI global score > 5) (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.78-1.00, p=0.042). Higher diet diversity was associated with better sleep quality among medical students, reducing the odds of poor sleep by 11.8% per one-point score increase (OR 0.88; 95% CI 0.78-1.00; p=0.042).

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a45ffa29ed134303130ff23 https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.72745

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July 2, 2026Health Science ReportsOpen Access

Higher diet diversity linked to ~12% lower odds of poor sleep per point increase.

View Full Paper

Ask AI

Bookmark

Why the study?

Is higher diet diversity associated with better sleep quality among medical students?

Population

246 undergraduate medical students (first to final year) at Rawalpindi Medical University, 61% female.

Comparison

Higher diet diversity vs Lower diet diversity

Design

Cross-sectional

Key result

Higher diet diversity was associated with better sleep quality among medical students, reducing the odds of poor sleep by 11.8% per one-point score increase (OR 0.88; 95% CI 0.78-1.00; p=0.042).

Authors

ZSZainab Salam MKMuhammad Khalid SSSobia Safeer

Discussion

Member takes

Overview

Diet diversity may merit consideration for sleep in medical students; leaves open causality pending prospective trials.

Key Points

Assess the relationship between diet diversity and sleep quality among medical students.
Cross-sectional study conducted among 246 undergraduate medical students at Rawalpindi Medical University.
Diet Quality Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Healthy Eating Index were used for data collection.
Data analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 26.
More than 70% of participants reported poor sleep quality.
Each one-point increase in diet diversity score was associated with an 11.8% reduction in odds of poor sleep (OR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.78–1.00, p = 0.042).
Higher body mass index was significantly associated with poorer sleep quality (p = 0.04).

Study Design

Type

Cross-Sectional (n=246)

Multicenter

Structured PICO

Is higher diet diversity associated with better sleep quality among medical students?

Population

246 undergraduate medical students (61% female) assessed for the association between diet diversity and sleep quality.

Exposure

Higher diet diversity (measured by Dietary Diversity Score derived from the Diet Quality Questionnaire)

Comparator

Lower diet diversity

Outcome

Sleep quality (measured by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, with poor sleep defined as global score > 5)patient reported

Main Result

Odds Ratio: 0.88 (95% CI 0.78–1)

p-value: p=0.042

Greater diet diversity is associated with better sleep quality among medical students, suggesting diet and BMI management as potential targets for improving sleep.

Cite This Study

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a45ffa29ed134303130ff23 https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.72745

Also Consider

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