Enhancing Critical Thinking Skills of Biology Students Through the Development of STEM-Based Invertebrate Zoology Teaching Materials

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Design and development research improved critical thinking in biology students, suggesting effective STEM materials.

Critical thinking skills improved significantly after using STEM-based materials in biology education.
Expert validation of the materials achieved a high score of 98%, indicating strong validity and quality.
Practicality tests revealed increasing student satisfaction scores, reaching up to 94.30% in full-class trials.
A one-group pretest-posttest design showed statistical significance in improving critical thinking skills (p = 0.000).

Kasmiruddin et al. (2025) studied this question.

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