Students’ Conceptual Challenges in Learning Multiplication

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This research uncovers multiplication difficulties and their causes in elementary students, suggesting effective teaching strategies.

Many students misinterpret multiplication word problems, leading to persistent conceptual struggles in their learning process.
Findings identified four major difficulties, including operation selection errors and reliance on memorization rather than understanding.
Internal causes such as low motivation and external factors like fast-paced teaching contribute to these learning challenges.
Contextualized teaching strategies using concrete methods are essential for enhancing conceptual understanding in multiplication.

Putri et al. (2025) studied this question.

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