What type of study is this?

This is a In Vitro Study study.

December 4, 2025MicroorganismsOpen Access

Designing a Novel Multi-Epitope Trivalent Vaccine Against NDV, AIV and FAdV-4 Based on Immunoinformatics Approaches

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Analysis demonstrates a novel vaccine induces cytokine production in chickens, indicating efficacy against NDV, AIV, and FAdV-4.

NFAF effectively stimulates chicken PBMCs and enhances cytokine production.
The vaccine consists of B-cell, CTL, and HTL epitopes from NDV, AIV, and FAdV-4.
Bioinformatics approaches were utilized for the design and antigenicity prediction of the vaccine.
This multi-epitope vaccine shows potential for broad protection in poultry agriculture.

Ji et al. (2025) studied this question.

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