Implementation of Teaching Factory in Indonesian Vocational High Schools: A Bibliometric and Systematic Literature Review

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Bibliometric analysis reveals clusters in vocational education reform, indicating gaps in employability studies and Industry 4.0 integration.

Teaching Factory (Tefa) embeds authentic production processes in curricula, enhancing vocational education outcomes.
Publication growth since 2018 shows a strong policy momentum for vocational reform, particularly through initiatives like SMK Revitalization.
Gaps exist in longitudinal studies and evaluations of cost-effectiveness related to Tefa's integration in vocational contexts.
Tefa's effectiveness relies on teacher development, infrastructure readiness, and collaboration with industry partners.

Siagian et al. (2025) studied this question.

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Bibliometric analysis reveals clusters in vocational education reform, indicating gaps in employability studies and Industry 4.0 integration.