October 12, 2025Open Access

Inference over hidden contexts shapes the geometry of conceptual knowledge for flexible behaviour

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This study demonstrates how hidden state inference improves decision-making by influencing attention and neural representations.

Behavioural data showed participants rapidly adapted to context switches, demonstrating flexibility in decision-making.
The hidden state inference model outperformed reinforcement learning variants, effectively predicting choices and contexts.
Gaze patterns indicated belief-guided attention, with increased focus on relevant features linked to successful belief updating.
Magnetoencephalography revealed neural representation transformations, correlating with reaction time and decision-making efficiency.

Kerrén et al. (2025) studied this question.

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