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October 1, 2025NutrientsOpen Access

Effects of Infant Formula Type on Early Childhood Growth Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study

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Authors

URUzma RaniRARoba AlwasilaWSWilliam T. Story

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Overview

Retrospective cohort study finds non-standard infant formulas improve growth metrics over breastfeeding.

Key Points

  • Infants on non-standard formulas showed higher weight-for-age and BMI z-scores compared to standard formula users at 12 months.
  • Among 5515 infants, significant growth differences were noted between non-standard formula, standard formula, and breastfeeding groups.
  • Data on feeding practices were collected during 2-month well visits, revealing a subset of exclusive breastfeeding at just 35%.
  • The findings suggest the need for further research into the long-term health effects and obesity risk associated with non-standard formulas.

Cite This Study

Rani et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/68dd89e6fe798ba2fc49801ehttps://doi.org/10.3390/nu17193111
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Comparative analysis of the effects of early breastfeeding versus formula feeding on the growthand development of preterm infants2025
  2. 2Associations Between Prolonged Breast-Feeding, Formula Supplementation, and Weight-for-Age Trajectories Through Five Years2025
  3. 3Comparative Analysis of Breastfeeding and Infant Formulas: Short‐ and Long‐Term Impacts on Infant Nutrition and Health2025 · 12 citations
  4. 4Factors Associated with Giving Formula Milk to Babies Aged Between 0-6 Months2025
  5. 5Enhanced versus standard fortification of pasteurized donor human milk for growth in very low birth weight infants: a randomized controlled trial2025