To Study the Correlation Between Anti-Mullerian Hormone and Antral Follicle Count in Subfertile Women with and Without Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Background: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent endocrine disorders affectingreproductive-aged women and is a leading cause of subfertility. Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH), secreted bygranulosa cells of preantral and small antral follicles, serves as a biomarker for ovarian reserve and reflects thefunctional status of the ovaries. Antral Follicle Count (AFC), visualized via transvaginal ultrasonography, isanother key parameter used to assess ovarian reserve. Both AMH and AFC are elevated in women with PCOS,yet their exact correlation in subfertile women across PCOS and non-PCOS groups remains clinically relevant fortailoring fertility management.Objectives:• To compare serum AMH levels in subfertile women with and without PCOS.• To assess the antral follicle, count in both groups.• To evaluate the correlation between AMH and AFC in subfertile women across both cohorts.Materials and Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional observational study was conducted at IGIMS, Patna,over a period of 12 months. A total of 120 subfertile women aged 20 to 40 years were included and categorizedinto two groups: those diagnosed with PCOS based on Rotterdam criteria and those without PCOS. Detailedhistory and clinical examination were recorded. Serum AMH levels were measured using ELISA, and AFC wasassessed by transvaginal sonography on days 2–5 of the menstrual cycle. Correlation analysis between AMH andAFC was performed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient.Results: The mean AMH level and AFC were significantly higher in the PCOS group compared to the non-PCOSgroup. A strong positive correlation was observed between serum AMH and AFC in both groups, though themagnitude of correlation was greater in women with PCOS. The results affirm the parallel utility of bothparameters in assessing ovarian reserve and diagnosing PCOS-related subfertility.Conclusion: Both Anti-Müllerian Hormone and Antral Follicle Count are elevated in subfertile women withPCOS and show a strong positive correlation. AMH serves as a reliable, cycle-independent marker thatcomplements ultrasonographic AFC in the evaluation of ovarian reserve. The findings support the integration ofAMH and AFC into routine fertility assessment protocols, especially in the PCOS population.