Novel Mini‐Hemagglutinin Subunit Vaccine Induces Robust Mucosal and Systemic Immunity and Protection Against a Lethal Challenge With the H1N1 and H5N1 Influenza Viruses in Mice

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The Mini-HA subunit vaccine successfully induces immune responses against H1N1 and H5N1 influenza viruses.
Robust mucosal immunity is elicited, evidenced by the presence of antigen-specific IgA and IgG antibodies.
The integration of CTA1-DD adjuvant enhances both mucosal and systemic immunological responses in mice.
This approach highlights a potential pathway for developing universal influenza vaccines effective against multiple strains.

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Intranasal Mini-HA subunit vaccine achieves robust mucosal and systemic immunity in mice, suggesting promising influenza prevention.

Wang et al. (2025) studied this question.

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