Review Article on Cement Kiln Dust Based Low-Cost Adsorbents for COD Removal from Domestic Wastewater

The increasing levels of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in domestic wastewater pose significant environmental challenges. Conventional treatment methods often prove costly and ineffective for large-scale applications. Cement Kiln Dust (CKD), a by-product of cement manufacturing, has emerged as a promising low-cost adsorbent for COD removal. This review explores the adsorption potential of CKD, its physicochemical properties, and its effectiveness in treating domestic wastewater. Various studies suggest that CKD exhibits high adsorption efficiency, making it a sustainable alternative to traditional adsorbents. However, concerns such as leaching of heavy metals and long-term stability require further investigation. This paper aims to provide an overview of CKD's applicability, optimization parameters, and future research directions for its integration into wastewater treatment systems.