Impact of Connected and Automated Vehicles on Metropolitan Road Traffic: Test Site Munich, Germany

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Microscopic traffic simulation reveals effects of varying CAV capabilities on network performance, suggesting improvements needed.

Simulation shows a significant decrease in network performance with connected and automated vehicles compared to human-driven vehicles.
Results indicate that SAE level 4 connected and automated vehicles can achieve comparable stops to human drivers at high market penetration.
The study utilized real-world data and expert interviews to define parameters for the CAV driving behavior model.
Findings point to the necessity of updates in technology and legal frameworks to mitigate negative traffic efficiency impacts.

Stueger et al. (2025) studied this question.

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