Impact of eHMI on Pedestrians’ Interactions with Level-5 Automated Driving Systems

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Online survey indicates eHMIs improve safety perceptions and trust in pedestrian-ADS interactions, suggesting effective communication.

eHMIs significantly improved pedestrian confidence and perceived safety when interacting with level-5 ADSs.
Participants who experienced eHMI interactions reported a better understanding of ADS intent and increased trust.
Visual eHMI features were preferred over auditory ones, highlighting the need for clear communication cues.
This research illustrates the potential for eHMI designs to reduce pedestrian accidents related to human error.

Marcus et al. (2025) studied this question.

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