Bio-Based Filter Materials for Wastewater Treatment - A Review

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Bio-based filter materials efficiently removed over 90% of copper and lead ions from wastewater.
Chitosan, cellulose, and lignin-based bio-filters showed over 80% efficiency in removing contaminants.
These materials combine biological and engineered components for improved stability and adaptability.
Challenges in deploying bio-based materials include insufficient mechanistic understanding and environmental assessments.

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Review highlights bio-based filter materials for pollutant removal in wastewater, suggesting enhanced efficiency and sustainability.

Etukudo et al. (2025) studied this question.

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