September 5, 2025Higher Education StudiesOpen Access

The Effectiveness of Virtual Reality in Medical Education: A Meta-Analysis of Knowledge, Skills, and Motivation Outcomes

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Discussion

Meta-analysis reveals VR improves knowledge and skills in medical education, suggesting effective integration into curricula.

Overall meta-analysis shows a moderate to significant positive effect of VR on medical education outcomes.
Skills development demonstrated the most significant effect (d = 0.692), while motivation showed no significant difference.
Twenty-one studies comprising 1,527 participants were included, highlighting VR's effectiveness and differences by outcome type.
The findings underline the importance of VR implementation quality, given the substantial heterogeneity observed.

Hongthong et al. (2025) studied this question.

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