Energy, Growth, and CO2 Emissions: BRICS Evidence

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Panel ARDL analysis shows that foreign direct investment and GDP increase CO2 emissions in BRICS, indicating significant environmental pressures.

Higher levels of foreign direct investment and economic growth lead to increased CO2 emissions.
Analysis from 2000 to 2024 indicates that renewable energy consumption's effect on emissions is insignificant.
Non-renewable energy consumption exhibits a significant negative influence on emissions despite overall increases.
This study uses Panel ARDL methodology to uncover dynamic relationships among energy consumption, investment, and emissions.

Tanzeel et al. (2025) studied this question.

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Panel ARDL analysis shows that foreign direct investment and GDP increase CO2 emissions in BRICS, indicating significant environmental pressures.