August 25, 2025Cogent EducationOpen Access

The effects of using digital flashcards versus paper flashcards on vocabulary learning and retention of Iranian intermediate EFL learners

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Discussion

Experimental analysis found digital flashcards enhance vocabulary retention in Iranian EFL learners, suggesting effective teaching methods.

Digital flashcards improved vocabulary retention more than paper flashcards in EFL learners, indicating effectiveness.
A repeated measures ANOVA showed digital flashcards outperformed both paper flashcards and words list methods in retention.
Two experimental groups used digital and paper flashcards while a control group used word lists for standard learning.
Findings imply that digital methods could be prioritized for language instruction, especially for retention.

Karimi et al. (2025) studied this question.

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Experimental analysis found digital flashcards enhance vocabulary retention in Iranian EFL learners, suggesting effective teaching methods.