Effect of hydrostatic pressure on air layer morphology in axisymmetric underwater vehicles

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Experimental and numerical analysis shows hydrostatic pressure affects air layer dynamics in underwater vehicles, suggesting new design parameters.

Hydrostatic pressure shows a weak impact on air layer morphology, yet significantly influences mass flow rates.
Under pressures between 0.1 to 3 MPa, a linear correlation is noted between mass flow rate and nozzle pressure.
A combination of experimental and numerical simulations helped develop a model for air layer drag reduction.
Findings indicate that increased hydrostatic pressure alters air density, affecting external flow interactions and re-entrant flow.

Lü et al. (2025) studied this question.

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Experimental and numerical analysis shows hydrostatic pressure affects air layer dynamics in underwater vehicles, suggesting new design parameters.