Effect of radial ventilation on drag reduction characteristics of underwater axisymmetric vehicle

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Numerical simulations demonstrate drag reduction in underwater vehicles at varying speeds, highlighting radial ventilation effects.

Radial ventilation can lead to a maximum drag reduction rate of 45.5% under high-speed conditions, improving energy efficiency.
At lower speeds, radial ventilation increases drag, but friction reduction becomes significant as speed and ventilation intensity increase.
Flow field analysis shows that gas layers from radial jetting reduce frictional drag by lowering surface shear stress across the vehicle.
Optimizing gas layer distribution and modulating shear stress are critical for effective drag reduction in underwater environments.

Sun et al. (2025) studied this question.

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