August 19, 2025Open Access

Learning Amidst Noise: The Complementary Roles of Neural Predictive Activity and Representational Changes

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Learning is supported by predictive activity that emerges rapidly before measurable behavioral improvements, followed by changes in neural representation.
Predictive activity appeared first, leading to improvements in behavior before subsequent representational changes occurred, indicating a temporal hierarchy in learning.
The method utilized magnetoencephalography to track neural responses as individuals learned non-adjacent dependencies embedded in noise.
These findings highlight how fast predictions can guide immediate behavior, while gradual knowledge consolidation leads to stable representations.

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Observational analysis tracked neural dynamics during a visuomotor task, revealing how learning improves behavior through two distinct mechanisms.

Tirou et al. (2025) studied this question.

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Observational analysis tracked neural dynamics during a visuomotor task, revealing how learning improves behavior through two distinct mechanisms.