What is the clinical evidence from this study?

Study design: Cross-Sectional. Population: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=340). Intervention: Age 61+ years vs. Age <61 years. Primary outcome: Hypertension (aOR 5.55, 95% CI 1.34-23.1, p=0.018).

What does this research mean for the field?

Approximately two-thirds of patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Northern Uganda have comorbid hypertension, with older age, overweight status, longer diabetes duration, and widowhood significantly increasing the risk. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.CONFIRMATORY. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

To determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of hypertension among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending a regional referral hospital in Northern Uganda.

September 2, 2026DiabetologyOpen Access

Prevalence of Hypertension and Associated Factors Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Lira Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Q: What are the key findings of this study?

Overall, 67.1% of patients with Type 2 diabetes had hypertension, with age 61+ years significantly associated with higher odds of the condition (aOR 5.55; 95% CI 1.34-23.1; p=0.018).

Q: What does this research mean for the field?

Approximately two-thirds of patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Northern Uganda have comorbid hypertension, with older age, overweight status, longer diabetes duration, and widowhood significantly increasing the risk. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.CONFIRMATORY. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

Q: What question did this study set out to answer?

To determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of hypertension among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending a regional referral hospital in Northern Uganda.

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Key result

Age 61+ linked to ~455% higher odds of hypertension in patients with Type 2 diabetes.

aOR 5.55
95% CI 1.34-23.1
P=0.018
n=340

Population

340 patients with confirmed Type 2 diabetes mellitus at Lira Regional Referral Hospital in Northern Uganda…

Design

Cross-sectional

Authors

GEGeoffrey EzamaLira Hospital MOMarc Sam OpolloLira Hospital BOBosco Opio

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Supports integrated screening in T2DM care; extends regional data but remains hypothesis-generating.

Key Points

To determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of hypertension among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending a regional referral hospital in Northern Uganda.
Conducted a hospital-based cross-sectional study among N=340 adults with confirmed type 2 diabetes selected via systematic random sampling at Lira Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda.
Collected behavioral and demographic data using a structured questionnaire adapted from the WHO STEPS (2022) tool alongside medical record verification.
Identified independent predictors of hypertension using multivariable logistic regression analysis in STATA version 16.
Overall, 67.1% (228/340) of participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus had co-existing hypertension.
Hypertension was significantly associated with age ≥61 years (aOR = 5.55, 95% CI: 1.34–23.1, p = 0.018), overweight status (aOR = 3.77, 95% CI: 1.05–13.57, p = 0.042), diabetes duration >5 years (aOR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.41–4.67, p = 0.002), and being widowed (aOR = 8.04, 95% CI: 1.87–34.61, p = 0.005).
Earning a moderate monthly income of UGX 50,001–100,000 was associated with 65% lower odds of hypertension (aOR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.13–0.93, p = 0.037).

Study Design

Type

Cross-Sectional (n=340)

Multicenter

Structured PICO

Population

340 participants with confirmed Type 2 diabetes mellitus (median age 55 years, 71.8% female) evaluated at a tertiary health facility in Northern Uganda.

Outcome

Prevalence of hypertension and associated factors

Main Result

Odds Ratio: 5.55 (95% CI 1.34–23.1)

p-value: p=0.018

Two-thirds of patients with Type 2 diabetes in a Northern Ugandan tertiary hospital have comorbid hypertension, highlighting the need for integrated care and routine screening.

Cite This Study

Ezama et al. (2026) conducted a cross-sectional in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=340). Age 61+ years vs. Age <61 years was evaluated on Hypertension (aOR 5.55, 95% CI 1.34-23.1, p=0.018). Overall, 67.1% of patients with Type 2 diabetes had hypertension, with age 61+ years significantly associated with higher odds of the condition (aOR 5.55; 95% CI 1.34-23.1; p=0.018).

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a97e25ec562ede874ec6783 https://doi.org/10.3390/diabetology7090167

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