Systematic review highlights prognostic biomarkers for early-stage NSCLC treated with SBRT, suggesting need for larger studies.
Key Points
This review aims to summarize the evidence on immunological biomarkers associated with outcomes in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer treated with SBRT.
Systematic review of ten studies published in English, screened from PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov until November 30, 2025.
Included studies examined the association between immunological biomarkers and oncological outcomes in patients receiving SBRT.
Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, resulting in moderate-to-high methodological quality overall.
Elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio were consistently linked with poorer survival.
CD44 was identified as a potential predictive biomarker for recurrence risk after SBRT in an external cohort.
Prognostic signatures from immune profiling—including PD-1+ and CD4 T cells—were found, but these did not predict SBRT response.