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July 10, 2026Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis

Beyond conventional mechanisms of prosthetic valve thrombosis: immune, genetic, hematologic, hormonal, and hemodynamic perspectives

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Population

Patients with mechanical prosthetic valve thrombosis (PVT)

Design

Review

Key result

Immune dysregulation, genetic modifiers, transient physiologic states, and localized hemodynamic abnormalities are underrecognized contributors to mechanical prosthetic valve thrombosis.

Authors

MKMacit KalçıkEBEmrah BayamAGAhmet Güner

Discussion

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Overview

May prompt broader PVT evaluation beyond anticoagulation; challenges consensus on conventional drivers and leaves open alternative mechanisms.

Key Points

  • The aim is to explore additional mechanisms contributing to prosthetic valve thrombosis beyond conventional factors.
  • Synthesis of current evidence on immune, genetic, hematologic, hormonal, and hemodynamic factors in prosthetic valve thrombosis.
  • Review of underrecognized contributors such as antiphospholipid antibodies and protein Z–related pathways.
  • Identified immune dysregulation factors can amplify thrombus formation despite adequate anticoagulation.
  • Highlighted the role of genetic modifiers in influencing thrombotic risks, including prothrombotic gene polymorphisms.
  • Emphasized the importance of localized hemodynamic disturbances during thrombus formation in patients with mechanical prosthetic valves.

Structured PICO

P
Population
Patients with mechanical prosthetic valve thrombosis (PVT)

This review highlights the limitations of an anticoagulation-centered paradigm for mechanical prosthetic valve thrombosis and supports a more individualized, mechanism-oriented approach to diagnosis and prevention.

Cite This Study

Kalçık et al. (2026) conducted a review in Mechanical prosthetic valve thrombosis (PVT). Non-conventional mechanisms (immune, genetic, hematologic, hormonal, hemodynamic) was evaluated. Immune dysregulation, genetic modifiers, transient physiologic states, and localized hemodynamic abnormalities are underrecognized contributors to mechanical prosthetic valve thrombosis.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a50907a6eeac72a437a1870https://doi.org/10.1007/s11239-026-03351-y
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