Prevalence and factors associated with depression and anxiety in patients with chronic kidney disease

<ns5:p>Background</ns5:p> <ns5:p>Depression and anxiety are common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and can increase morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the objective was to analyze their prevalence and the associated demographic, clinical, and laboratory factors in CKD patients undergoing dialysis.</ns5:p> <ns5:p>Methodology</ns5:p> <ns5:p> Correlational design research with prospective cohort. Sample of 107 patients, 67 on hemodialysis and 40 on peritoneal dialysis (PD). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaire was used after obtaining free and informed consent. The Spearman correlation coefficient, Chi <ns5:sup>2</ns5:sup> and multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis were used. </ns5:p> <ns5:p>Results</ns5:p> <ns5:p>Females predominated. Hemodialysis patients were mostly single (47.8%), unemployed (44.8%), and had a basic education, while 60% of PD patients were married, 50% were employed, and 57.5% had a higher education. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were the primary causes of CKD. In the PD group, 37.5% presented moderate-severe symptoms of anxiety, and in hemodialysis, 29.9%. Moderate-severe symptoms of depression were present in 41.8% of the hemodialysis group. One-third of men and women presented moderate-severe symptoms of anxiety, and 66.7% of illiterate individuals presented mild symptoms. A significant association was found between depression and employment status (sig < 0.05); urea (rho = −0.204; p = 0.036), hemoglobin (rho = −0.199; p = 0.041), and phosphorus (rho = −0.228; p = 0.019); and a significant inverse correlation between anxiety and hemoglobin (rho = −0.197; p = 0.042). The multivariate ordinal regression model showed an association between anxiety and older age, lower calcium levels, and single marital status; an inverse association between hemoglobin and depression (B = −0.404; p = .046); and sleep disorder significantly increased the probability of depression (B = 1.058; p = .026).</ns5:p> <ns5:p>Conclusion</ns5:p> <ns5:p>Early identification of symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients with CKD on dialysis is required in order to properly manage diagnosed cases.</ns5:p>