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June 27, 2026Blood AdvancesOpen Access

Clinical Course, Risk Factors, and Therapeutic Response in Multiple Myeloma with Central Nervous System Involvement

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Authors

AXAlexander XiaoSZSaurabh ZanwarYLYi Lin

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Overview

Retrospective analysis identifies risk factors and treatment outcomes for CNS involvement in multiple myeloma, suggesting effective therapies.

Key Points

  • This analysis aims to explore the clinical course and therapeutic outcomes of multiple myeloma patients with central nervous system involvement.
  • Retrospective analysis of 304 multiple myeloma patients with pathology-confirmed extramedullary disease treated from January 2000 to December 2023.
  • CNS-MM defined by parenchymal or leptomeningeal involvement, with predictors evaluated among patients with EMD.
  • Outcomes analyzed based on treatments, including CAR-T cell therapy and bispecific antibodies.
  • 20 patients (6.5%) had CNS-MM; median onset was 19.2 months post-MM diagnosis, with 15% at diagnosis.
  • CNS-MM associated with high-risk cytogenetics (OR 3.7) and additional visceral EMD (OR 4.6).
  • Median overall survival was 19.2 months with CAR-T or bispecific therapies versus 1.2 months without immune effector therapies.

Cite This Study

Xiao et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a3f6871aea7db3c1953f8cahttps://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2026020668
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Clinical course, predictors of development, and therapeutic response in multiple myeloma with central nervous system involvement2025
  2. 2Therapeutic options for extramedullary involvement in multiple myeloma2025
  3. 3Beyond the bone marrow: a review of therapeutic approaches for extramedullary disease in multiple myeloma and the significance of MRD assessment.2025 · 2 citations
  4. 4Multiple myeloma with CNS involvement2025
  5. 5Spatially resolved transcriptomics reveals immunosuppressive niches and clonal diversity in extramedullary disease in multiple myeloma refractory to immunotherapy2025