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June 19, 2026Journal of Nutrition and MetabolismOpen Access

Higher glycemic index and load linked to increased cIMT, MDA, TNF-α, and VCAM-1 in metabolic syndrome.

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Why the study?

Are higher dietary glycemic index and glycemic load associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness and proatherogenic inflammatory markers in patients with metabolic syndrome?

Population

185 patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), aged 20–50 years (80 males and 105 females).

Comparison

Higher dietary glycemic index and glycemic load… vs Lower dietary glycemic index and glycemic load

Design

Cross-sectional

Key result

Higher dietary glycemic index and glycemic load were associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness and elevated MDA, TNF-α, and VCAM-1 in 185 patients with metabolic syndrome.

Authors

MRMehran RahimlouSHSoudabeh Hamedi−ShahrakiFAFarshad Amirkhizi

Discussion

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Overview

May link higher GI/GL to vascular inflammation and cIMT in metabolic syndrome; hypothesis-generating, requiring prospective confirmation.

Key Points

  • This study aims to explore the association between dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and inflammatory markers in metabolic syndrome.
  • Cross-sectional study conducted on 185 subjects aged 20–50 years with metabolic syndrome.
  • Dietary intake assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire to calculate GI and GL.
  • Main outcomes measured include cIMT and serum levels of various inflammatory markers.
  • Higher GI and GL significantly associated with elevated serum levels of malondialdehyde, TNF-α, and VCAM-1.
  • Significant increase in cIMT observed across higher tertile categories of both GI and GL.
  • No association found between GI and GL with serum levels of hs-CRP, ICAM-1, and E-selectin.

Study Design

Type

Cross-Sectional (n=185)

Structured PICO

Are higher dietary glycemic index and glycemic load associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness and proatherogenic inflammatory markers in patients with metabolic syndrome?

P
Population
185 patients aged 20-50 years with metabolic syndrome assessed for dietary glycemic index and glycemic load.
E
Exposure
Higher dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) assessed via validated food frequency questionnaire
C
Comparator
Lower dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) (lower tertile categories)
O
Outcome
Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectinsurrogate

Higher dietary glycemic index and glycemic load are associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness and elevated proatherogenic markers in patients with metabolic syndrome, suggesting a potential role in atherosclerosis progression.

Cite This Study

Rahimlou et al. (2026) conducted a cross-sectional in Metabolic syndrome (n=185). Higher dietary glycemic index and glycemic load vs. Lower dietary glycemic index and glycemic load was evaluated on Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and serum levels of MDA, hs-CRP, TNF-α, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin. Higher dietary glycemic index and glycemic load were associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness and elevated MDA, TNF-α, and VCAM-1 in 185 patients with metabolic syndrome.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a359850dd3be7785e70edb3https://doi.org/10.1155/jnme/6289455
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