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June 19, 2026Expert Review of Medical Devices

Leadless and extravascular rhythm devices demonstrate high implant success, low infection risk, and effective performance.

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Design

Review

Key result

Leadless and extravascular cardiac rhythm management systems demonstrate high implantation success, low infection risk, and effective pacing and defibrillation.

Authors

DGDhir GalaEKEugene KimRutgers, The State University of New JerseyAMAmgad N. MakaryusNorthwell Health

Discussion

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Overview

May inform device selection to reduce infections; leaves open durability questions for prospective trials.

Key Points

  • Evaluate the effectiveness and complications of leadless pacing and extracardiac defibrillation systems.
  • Narrative literature review using PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Google Scholar.
  • Review of clinical trials, registries, and observational studies.
  • Analysis of studies published between January 2000 and January 2026.
  • High success rates of implantation reported.
  • Low risk of infection and effective defibrillation and pacing observed.
  • Challenges include battery life and cardiac resynchronization issues.

Structured PICO

I
Intervention
Leadless pacing systems and extravascular implantable cardioverter defibrillators
O
Outcome
Performance, complications, and patient selection

Leadless and extravascular cardiac rhythm management systems offer high implantation success and low infection risk, representing a significant advancement in reducing lead-related complications.

Limitations

  • Battery life
  • Incomplete cardiac resynchronization
  • Strategy of device succession

Cite This Study

Gala et al. (2026) conducted a review in Cardiac rhythm management. Leadless and extravascular cardiac rhythm management systems vs. Traditional transvenous cardiac implantable electronic devices was evaluated on Performance, complications, and patient selection. Leadless and extravascular cardiac rhythm management systems demonstrate high implantation success, low infection risk, and effective pacing and defibrillation.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a35982fdd3be7785e70ed58https://doi.org/10.1080/17434440.2026.2693099
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