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June 19, 2026Scientific ReportsOpen Access

High intraperitoneal and low deep subcutaneous fat linked to ~436% higher odds of GDM.

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Why the study?

Does relative abdominal adipose tissue distribution characterize metabolic risk beyond general adiposity in premenopausal Asian women?

Population

389 premenopausal Asian women from the Singapore PREconception Study of long-Term maternal and child…

Design

Cohort

Follow-up

up to 26-28 weeks of gestation

Key result

An abdominal fat distribution phenotype characterized by higher intraperitoneal and lower deep subcutaneous adipose tissue was associated with a 5.36-fold higher odds of developing gestational diabetes mellitus.

Authors

YKYeshe M. KwayNMNavin MichaelNKNarasimhan Kothandaraman

Discussion

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Overview

Higher-risk adipose patterns may flag women needing closer GDM surveillance; leaves open independent predictive value and causal links.

Key Points

  • This research aims to define the relationship between abdominal fat distribution phenotypes and metabolic risk in premenopausal women.
  • Utilized magnetic resonance imaging to assess various adipose tissue compartments including superficial and deep subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, and retroperitoneal fat.
  • Analyzed the relationship between adipose tissue distribution and metabolic indicators such as MetS and GDM risk.
  • Characterized metabolic profiles based on relative contributions of abdominal adipose tissue distribution.
  • Higher %IPAT and lower %DSAT were significant indicators of MetS.
  • Women with lower %IPAT and higher %DSAT had the best metabolic health profiles.
  • Higher %IPAT was linked to a 5.36-fold increased odds of developing GDM, with a 95% CI of 1.12–27.85.

Study Design

Type

Cohort (n=389)

Structured PICO

Does relative abdominal adipose tissue distribution characterize metabolic risk beyond general adiposity in premenopausal Asian women?

P
Population
389 premenopausal Asian women (median age 31.3 years) from the S-PRESTO cohort underwent MRI to assess abdominal adipose tissue distribution, with 92 followed longitudinally during pregnancy for gestational diabetes mellitus.
O
Outcome
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)surrogate

Main Result

Odds Ratio: 5.36 (95% CI 1.12–27.85)

Relative abdominal adipose tissue distribution, specifically higher intraperitoneal and lower deep subcutaneous fat, identifies premenopausal women at high risk for metabolic syndrome and gestational diabetes independent of overall adiposity.

Cite This Study

Kway et al. (2026) conducted a cohort in Metabolic syndrome and Gestational diabetes mellitus (n=389). High %IPAT and low %DSAT abdominal fat phenotype (P1) vs. Low %IPAT and high %DSAT abdominal fat phenotype (P3) was evaluated on Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (OR 5.36, 95% CI 1.12-27.85). An abdominal fat distribution phenotype characterized by higher intraperitoneal and lower deep subcutaneous adipose tissue was associated with a 5.36-fold higher odds of developing gestational diabetes mellitus.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a358ddb3ed1b5ae34f8a788https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-55520-x
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