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June 12, 2026European Journal of Preventive CardiologyOpen Access

Cardiometabolic profiles of patients enrolled in exercise-based cardiovascular rehabilitation over 25 years: a retrospective cohort study

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Population

27,489 patients with cardiovascular disease enrolled in cardiovascular rehabilitation programs at a large…

Design

Cohort

Authors

JRJ L ReedAVA Marques VieiraJHJ Harris

Discussion

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Overview

Modest BMI reductions in long-term rehab cohorts coincide with worsening glycemic control; extends observational trends but leaves open optimal intervention targets.

Key Points

  • The aim was to assess changes in cardiometabolic risk profiles of patients enrolled in cardiovascular rehabilitation over 25 years.
  • Retrospective cohort study of 27,489 patients with cardiovascular disease enrolled in rehabilitation from 2001 to 2025.
  • Cardiometabolic data was extracted from three databases and analyzed for patterns over 5-year intervals.
  • ANOVA and chi-square analyses were conducted to compare changes in body mass index, blood pressure, and lipid levels over time.
  • Median BMI reduced by 0.8 kg/m2 and systolic BP decreased by 7 mmHg from 2001-2005 to 2021-2025.
  • Proportion of participants with normal BMI increased to 30% in 2021-2025, despite fluctuations across years.
  • Optimal glucose/HbA1c levels declined from 75% (2001-2005) to 67% (2021-2025), indicating ongoing metabolic risks.

Structured PICO

P
Population
27,489 patients with cardiovascular disease enrolled in cardiovascular rehabilitation programs at a large cardiovascular health centre in Canada between 2001 and 2025. Mean age 62 (SD 12) years, 29.5% women, 60.7% with coronary artery disease.
I
Intervention
Cardiovascular rehabilitation enrollment (temporal trend analysis across 5-year intervals from 2001 to 2025)
O
Outcome
Temporal trends in baseline cardiometabolic risk profiles (BMI, waist circumference, resting BP, glucose/HbA1c, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL)surrogate

Over two decades, patients entering cardiovascular rehabilitation showed improvements in BMI and blood pressure, but worsening glycemic control, highlighting the need for tailored multi-component interventions.

Cite This Study

Reed et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a2bd1386550ea4541ffe938https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwag249.348
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