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June 12, 2026European Journal of Preventive CardiologyOpen Access

Compared with participants without AF, AF was associated with increased hazard of MI in women (sHR 1.39, 95% CI 1.12–1.72) peaking at ≥10 years, and in men within the first six months (sHR 2.27, 95% CI 1.45–3.54).

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Why the study?

Does incident atrial fibrillation increase the risk of myocardial infarction, STEMI, and NSTEMI differently by sex and time since diagnosis in a general population?

Population

25,132 participants from a population-based cohort study without prevalent atrial fibrillation and…

Comparison

Incident atrial fibrillation (AF) vs Participants without atrial fibrillation

Design

Cohort

Follow-up

1994-95 through 2021

Authors

LNL NilsenESE SharashovaJMJ Mannsverk

Discussion

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Overview

AF may confer greater long-term MI risk in women than men; leaves open whether sex- or time-specific prevention alters outcomes.

Key Points

  • The aim is to explore sex-specific risks of myocardial infarction associated with atrial fibrillation and the influence of time since diagnosis.
  • Followed 25,132 participants from a population-based cohort study from 1994-95 through 2021.
  • Utilized Cox proportional and Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard regression to assess risk of MI, STEMI, and NSTEMI.
  • Evaluated risks based on time since AF diagnosis across various intervals.
  • AF was associated with increased hazard of MI in women (sHR 1.39, 95% CI 1.12–1.72) but not in men.
  • In women, hazard of MI peaked at ≥10 years since AF diagnosis (sHR 1.75, 95% CI 1.07–2.84).
  • In men, a significant hazard for STEMI was observed within the first six months (sHR 2.27, 95% CI 1.45–3.54).

Structured PICO

Does incident atrial fibrillation increase the risk of myocardial infarction, STEMI, and NSTEMI differently by sex and time since diagnosis in a general population?

P
Population
25,132 participants from a population-based cohort study without prevalent atrial fibrillation (AF) and myocardial infarction (MI) at baseline in 1994-95
I
Intervention
Incident atrial fibrillation (AF)
C
Comparator
Participants without atrial fibrillation
O
Outcome
Risk of total myocardial infarction (MI), STEMI, and NSTEMI overall and by time since AF diagnosishard clinical

The risk of myocardial infarction following an atrial fibrillation diagnosis exhibits distinct sex-specific temporal patterns, with women facing long-term NSTEMI risk and men facing short-term STEMI/NSTEMI risk.

Cite This Study

Nilsen et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a2bd11d6550ea4541ffe910https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwag249.010
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Impact of gender on clinical characteristics in patients with atrial fibrillation and STEMI.2025
  2. 2Female sex-related stroke risk in atrial fibrillation: a thing from the past?2026
  3. 3Sex and Atrial Fibrillation Independently Stratify Cardiac Remodeling and Outcomes in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction2026
  4. 4Long-term cardiovascular risks after atrial fibrillation diagnosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis2025 · 2 citations
  5. 5Prediction of Incident Heart Failure in Men and Women with a History of Myocardial Infarction2026