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June 7, 2026Cardiology ResearchOpen Access

A single-freezing temperature-guided protocol for AF cryoablation maintained sinus rhythm similarly to a conventional TTI-guided protocol (74.7% vs 78.1%, P=0.842) while reducing procedure time.

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Why the study?

Does a single-freezing temperature-guided protocol improve procedural efficiency without compromising efficacy compared to a conventional TTI-guided protocol in patients undergoing AF cryoablation?

Population

292 patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing cryoballoon ablation

Comparison

Simplified single-freezing temperature-guided… vs Conventional time-to-isolation-guided…

Design

Cohort

Key result

A single-freezing temperature-guided protocol for AF cryoablation maintained sinus rhythm similarly to a conventional TTI-guided protocol (74.7% vs 78.1%, P=0.842) while reducing procedure time.

Authors

XLXiaoyu LiuJZJie ZhengKLKu Lin Li

Discussion

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Overview

Should not yet change AF cryoablation practice; leaves open whether simplified protocols improve efficiency without compromising outcomes in randomized trials.

Study Design

Type

Cohort (n=292)

Structured PICO

Does a single-freezing temperature-guided protocol improve procedural efficiency without compromising efficacy compared to a conventional TTI-guided protocol in patients undergoing AF cryoablation?

P
Population
292 propensity score-matched patients undergoing atrial fibrillation ablation using a second-generation cryoballoon.
E
Exposure
Simplified single-freezing temperature-guided protocol (achieving -40 °C within 60 s of freezing) using second-generation cryoballoon
C
Comparator
Conventional time-to-isolation (TTI)-guided double-freezing protocol using second-generation cryoballoon
O
Outcome
Procedure time, X-ray time and dose, complications, success rate of acute pulmonary vein isolation, and recurrence rate during follow-up

Main Result

Absolute Event Rate: 74.7% vs 78.1%

p-value: p=0.842

A simplified single-freezing temperature-guided protocol for AF cryoablation reduces procedure time and radiation exposure while maintaining comparable efficacy to the conventional double-freezing protocol.

Cite This Study

Liu et al. (2026) conducted a cohort in Atrial fibrillation (n=292). Single-freezing temperature-guided protocol vs. Conventional time-to-isolation (TTI)-guided double-freezing protocol was evaluated on Maintaining sinus rhythm during follow-up (p=0.842). A single-freezing temperature-guided protocol for AF cryoablation maintained sinus rhythm similarly to a conventional TTI-guided protocol (74.7% vs 78.1%, P=0.842) while reducing procedure time.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a2510017def13d035e1d45chttps://doi.org/10.14740/cr2202
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Comparative analysis of three-year efficacy of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation using the Ablation Index module and the second-generation cryoballoon2025
  2. 2Cryoballoon Versus Radiofrequency Ablation for Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Trials2026
  3. 3Cryoballoon versus radiofrequency ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation: an updated systematic review and meta‑analysis2025 · 4 citations
  4. 4Comparison of Cryoballoon Ablation Methods in Pulmonary Vein Isolation2025
  5. 5Pulmonary vein isolation using cryoballoon vs. optimized high-power short-duration: a propensity score study2025 · 1 citations