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June 6, 2026Clinical Kidney JournalOpen Access

Sex differences in blood pressure and hypertension through adulthood

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Why the study?

Are there sex-specific differences in hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and blood pressure control across the adult life course?

Population

10,000 participants (51% women; mean age 62 ± 8.5 years) from the Hamburg City Health Study in Germany.

Design

Cross-sectional

Key result

Male sex was associated with higher hypertension prevalence than female sex (71% vs. 57%), particularly at ages 45-54 (PR 1.44, 95% CI 1.27-1.62), with convergence after age 55.

Authors

CTChristina ThompsonAKAlexandre KloppLDLeonie Dreher

Discussion

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Overview

Hypertension prevalence is higher in men at younger ages but converges with women after age 55, highlighting the need for sex-specific, life stage-oriented screening and management.

Key Points

  • This analysis aims to investigate sex-specific differences in the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension across adulthood.
  • Cross-sectional analysis of 10,000 participants from the Hamburg City Health Study
  • Age-stratified comparisons (45–54, 55–64, 65–74 years)
  • Modified Poisson regression was used to assess differences adjusted for sociodemographic, comorbidity, and lifestyle factors.
  • Hypertension prevalence was higher in men (71%) compared to women (57%), especially at ages 45–54 (50% vs. 32%; adjusted PR 1.44, 95% CI 1.27–1.62)
  • Sex differences in prevalence decreased with age, converging at ages 65–74 (PR 1.04, 95% CI 0.99–1.08)
  • Awareness and treatment rates were similar between sexes, but blood pressure control remained low (∼40%) and declined in women at ages 65–74.

Study Design

Type

Cross-Sectional (n=10,000)

Structured PICO

Are there sex-specific differences in hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and blood pressure control across the adult life course?

P
Population
10,000 adults (mean age 62 years, 51% women) from the Hamburg City Health Study assessed for sex differences in hypertension prevalence and management.
C
Comparator
Men versus women across age strata (45–54, 55–64, and 65–74 years)
O
Outcome
Sex-specific differences in hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and blood pressure (BP) controlsurrogate

Main Result

Absolute Event Rate: 71% vs 57%

Hypertension prevalence is higher in men at younger ages but converges with women after age 55, highlighting the need for sex-specific, life stage-oriented screening and management.

Cite This Study

Thompson et al. (2026) conducted a cross-sectional in Hypertension (n=10,000). Male sex vs. Female sex was evaluated on Hypertension prevalence. Male sex was associated with higher hypertension prevalence than female sex (71% vs. 57%), particularly at ages 45-54 (PR 1.44, 95% CI 1.27-1.62), with convergence after age 55.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a23ba1771a5da9775e75e65https://doi.org/10.1093/ckj/sfag180
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