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May 30, 2026Journal of Clinical Oncology

Compared to Non-Hispanic Whites, Chinese (AOR 1.17; 95% CI 1.10-1.25) and Vietnamese patients had higher odds of advanced-stage HCC, while Filipino, Laotian, and Pacific Islanders had lower odds.

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Why the study?

Are there disparities in the stage at presentation of hepatocellular carcinoma among disaggregated AANHPI subgroups compared to Non-Hispanic White patients?

Population

Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the SEER program (17 registries, 2000–2022)

Comparison

Disaggregated Asian American, Native Hawaiian… vs Non-Hispanic White (NHW) patients

Design

Cohort

Key result

Compared to Non-Hispanic Whites, Chinese (AOR 1.17; 95% CI 1.10-1.25) and Vietnamese patients had higher odds of advanced-stage HCC, while Filipino, Laotian, and Pacific Islanders had lower odds.

Authors

CDChristopher Huy DoanRMRosa MartinezASAshwin Sunderraj

Discussion

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Overview

Disaggregation of AANHPI populations reveals significant heterogeneity in HCC stage at presentation, highlighting the need for subgroup-specific surveillance strategies.

Key Points

  • This study aims to explore disparities in the incidence and stage at presentation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander (AANHPI) subgroups.
  • Retrospective, population-based analysis using SEER Data from 17 registries (2000–2022).
  • Ordinal logistic regression modeled stage at diagnosis as an ordinal outcome, adjusting for age, sex, income, and residence type.
  • Incidence rates were calculated for aggregated AANHPI populations, with NHW as the reference.
  • Aggregate AANHPI populations had a higher incidence of HCC (9.4 per 100,000) compared to NHW patients (3.8 per 100,000).
  • Non-Hispanic Black patients had lower odds (AOR 0.88, 95% CI 0.85–0.91, p<0.001) of advanced-stage HCC, while Hispanic White patients had higher odds (AOR 1.1, 95% CI 1.07–1.14, p<0.001).
  • Chinese and Vietnamese patients showed greater odds of advanced-stage presentation, while Filipino, Laotian, and Pacific Islander patients presented at lower stages.

Study Design

Type

Observational

Multicenter

Yes

Structured PICO

Are there disparities in the stage at presentation of hepatocellular carcinoma among disaggregated AANHPI subgroups compared to Non-Hispanic White patients?

P
Population
Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the SEER program (17 registries, 2000–2022)
I
Intervention
Disaggregated Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander (AANHPI) racial/ethnic subgroups
C
Comparator
Non-Hispanic White (NHW) patients
O
Outcome
Stage at diagnosis (localized, regional, distant)

Main Result

Effect estimate: AOR 1.17 (95% CI 1.10-1.25)

p-value: p=<0.001

Disaggregation of AANHPI populations reveals significant heterogeneity in HCC stage at presentation, highlighting the need for subgroup-specific surveillance strategies.

Limitations

  • Limited population denominators required incidence rates to be calculated using aggregated AANHPI populations rather than disaggregated subgroups.
  • Limited population denominators for calculating incidence rates

Cite This Study

Doan et al. (2026) conducted an observational in Hepatocellular carcinoma. Race and ethnicity (disaggregated AANHPI subgroups) vs. Non-Hispanic White patients was evaluated on Advanced-stage disease at presentation (AOR 1.17, 95% CI 1.10-1.25, p=<0.001). Compared to Non-Hispanic Whites, Chinese (AOR 1.17; 95% CI 1.10-1.25) and Vietnamese patients had higher odds of advanced-stage HCC, while Filipino, Laotian, and Pacific Islanders had lower odds.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a1a80c00307b78509432b37https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2026.44.16_suppl.e13734
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