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May 13, 2026Scientific ReportsOpen Access

Ameliorative effects of Spirulina platensis niosome and Echinacea purpura on cyclophosphamide-induced splenic, cardiac and neurotoxicity via modulating NF-κB pathway and oxidative stress

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Randomized trial evaluates Spirulina and Echinacea's protective effects against cyclophosphamide toxicity, indicating potential benefits.

The study aims to assess the protective efficacy of Spirulina platensis niosome and Echinacea purpurea against cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity.
42 adult male rats divided into seven groups; includes controls and various treatment groups.
Treatment with Spirulina, Echinacea, and combinations was administered for 14 days prior to cyclophosphamide injection.
Evaluated hematopoietic parameters, antioxidant status, NF-κB modulation, and tissue damage through histopathological examinations.
All treatment groups exhibited improved blood profiles and antioxidant status in cardiac and brain tissues.
Significant reduction in tissue damage was noted in the treated groups compared to the cyclophosphamide-only group.
NF-κB activation showed modulation, supporting the protective effects of Spirulina and Echinacea.

Ramadan et al. (2026) studied this question.

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