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April 12, 2026Translational Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine

There were no sex-related differences in symptoms of depression (P = 0.87) or anxiety (P = 0.47), but females had worse perceived QoL (P = 0.03).

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Why the study?

Are there sex differences in depression, anxiety, and quality of life among patients entering cardiovascular rehabilitation during the COVID-19 pandemic?

Population

305 patients aged 65 ± 11 years entering cardiovascular rehabilitation during the COVID-19 pandemic at a…

Design

Cross-sectional

Authors

APAnton PechaJMJoão Luís MarôcoLHLaura L. Hayman

Discussion

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Overview

During the COVID-19 pandemic, males and females entering cardiovascular rehabilitation had similar levels of depression and anxiety, challenging the traditional view that females have higher levels of depression in this setting.

Key Points

  • The aim was to evaluate sex differences in mental health symptoms and quality of life in patients entering cardiovascular rehabilitation during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Retrospective analysis of electronic medical records from 305 patients who attended cardiovascular rehabilitation.
  • Assessment of depression, anxiety, and quality of life using standardized questionnaires.
  • Statistical comparison of outcomes between sexes using unpaired t tests and Fisher exact test.
  • No significant sex differences in depression or anxiety symptoms were found.
  • Females reported lower quality of life compared to males.
  • Quality of life was closely associated with levels of depression and anxiety.

Structured PICO

Are there sex differences in depression, anxiety, and quality of life among patients entering cardiovascular rehabilitation during the COVID-19 pandemic?

P
Population
305 patients (89 female, 29%) aged 65 ± 11 years entering cardiovascular rehabilitation during the COVID-19 pandemic at a single center in Winchester, VA.
O
Outcome
Self-reported symptoms of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire), anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder-7), and quality of life (COOP) upon entry to cardiovascular rehabilitationpatient reported

During the COVID-19 pandemic, males and females entering cardiovascular rehabilitation had similar levels of depression and anxiety, challenging the traditional view that females have higher levels of depression in this setting.

Cite This Study

Pecha et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69db37ca4fe01fead37c5cbdhttps://doi.org/10.1249/tjx.0000000000000358
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Sex Differences in Anxiety and Depression Among Coronary Heart Disease Patients During Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Quasi-Experimental Study2025
  2. 2Influence of COVID-19 on the effectiveness of a cardiac rehabilitation programme in patients with coronary heart disease2026
  3. 3Trends in mental health and behavioural risk factors of patients in exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation over 25 years: a retrospective cohort study2026
  4. 4Women and men profit equally from cardiac rehabilitation: a secondary analysis of the OPTICARE RCT2026
  5. 5Variability in Cardiac Rehabilitation Program outcomes according to baseline emotional status: A Real-World analysis2026