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To analyze the implications of the M23 movement's actions and the ongoing conflict in the DRC.

December 22, 2025African Affairs

Kivu’s Intractable Security Conundrum, Redux

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To analyze the implications of the M23 movement's actions and the ongoing conflict in the DRC.
Examine the historical context of the M23 movement and its military actions.
Discuss the social and political impact of the conflict on local governance and displaced populations.
Analyze the role of foreign involvement in the conflict and responses from African peacekeepers.
M23 captured key cities like Goma and Bukavu, intensifying the existing conflict.
Over six million internally displaced persons were reported in the DRC amid rising armed group activity.
The conflict saw increased foreign involvement and a failure of local governance under the FARDC.

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Conflict escalates in Eastern DRC as M23 captures Goma and Bukavu, indicating rising displacement rates.

Christoph Vogel (2025) studied this question.

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