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December 8, 2025International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

Characteristics of Elite 10-km Open-Water Swimmers: A Systematic Review

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Authors

JFJosé Miguel Fernández-AsensioFPFrancisco Hermosilla PeronaLRLuis Rodríguez-Adalia

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Overview

Systematic review analyzes fatigue and physiological factors affecting 10-km open-water swimming performance.

Key Points

  • Peak performance age identified as 28.94 years for men and 27.40 years for women, highlighting the impact of competition experience.
  • Moderate correlations noted between body-fat percentage and final race position in open-water swimming events.
  • Assessment of maximal oxygen uptake revealed values of 5.51 L/min for men and 5.05 L/min for women, indicating high aerobic capacity.
  • Effective training programs should focus on balancing physical conditioning, biomechanics, and race tactics to optimize performance.

Cite This Study

Fernández-Asensio et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69362f5a4fa91c937236db60https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2025-0160
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