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December 8, 2025International Journal of Health Policy and ManagementOpen Access

Developing Integrated Extended Pharmacist Roles and Services for Equitable Access and Outcomes in Primary Healthcare: A Realist Evaluation

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Authors

EMEileen M. McKinlayUniversity of OtagoATAusaga Faasalele TanuvasaVictoria University of WellingtonMJMona JeffreysVictoria University of Wellington

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Implication

Realist evaluation shows integrating practice pharmacists impacts health outcomes and promotes equity in primary healthcare.

Key Points

  • To evaluate the integration of practice pharmacists in primary healthcare and its effects on access and outcomes.
  • Utilized realist evaluation methodology to assess context, mechanism, and outcomes.
  • Conducted key informant interviews and a national survey to gather insights.
  • Developed and tested CMO configurations through rapid realist review and case studies.
  • Identified four programme theories from 22 CMO configurations.
  • Demonstrated that supportive contexts enable practice pharmacists to improve health outcomes.
  • Highlighted the need for equitable access and funding models to sustain pharmacist roles in healthcare.

Cite This Study

McKinlay et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/693624ad4fa91c937236c672https://doi.org/10.34172/ijhpm.9127
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  4. 4New integrations in patient care: the role of the pharmacist between couselling and medication adherence2024
  5. 5Pharmacists’ views on barriers and enablers to the implementation of advanced pharmacist prescribing in Scotland: a qualitative study using normalisation process theory2025 · 4 citations