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This research aims to understand the vertical distribution and formation mechanisms of particulate nitrate in urban areas.

Vertically resolved formation mechanisms of fine particulate nitrate in Asian megacities: integrated lidar – aircraft observations and process analysis

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This research aims to understand the vertical distribution and formation mechanisms of particulate nitrate in urban areas.
Used integrated lidar and aircraft for continuous vertical data collection in Beijing 2021.
Conducted seasonal analysis of nitrate concentrations.
Analyzed thermodynamic, dynamic, and photochemical factors affecting nitrate formation.
Spring showed the highest nitrate concentration below 2 km at 8.29 µg m−3.
High nitrate levels peaked at the boundary layer top in late autumn, reaching 118.11 µg m−3.
Distinct diurnal variations in winter with peak concentrations increasing with altitude.

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Integrated lidar and aircraft observations reveal seasonal nitrate variations in Beijing, indicating pollution source control strategies.

Tian et al. (2025) studied this question.

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