Observational analysis shows reading comprehension improved in 5-year-olds, indicating literacy skills depend on self-efficacy and behavior.
Key Points
Reading comprehension improved significantly in children with higher literacy skills and self-efficacy levels, with a notable longitudinal study of 5-year-olds.
Children's early literacy skills, such as phonological awareness and spelling, were measured across five time points to track development.
Longitudinal study across Aotearoa New Zealand exploring the association between behaviour and literacy skills.
Findings highlight the importance of self-efficacy and behaviour in shaping literacy outcomes, but not evidence of a Matthew effect.