December 4, 2025CephalalgiaOpen Access

Management of persistent idiopathic facial pain (PIFP) – An international Delphi study

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Discussion

Delphi study established guidelines emphasizing multidisciplinary collaboration and avoiding invasive procedures in managing PIFP.

Consensus achieved on 35 of 42 statements, highlighting patient education and interdisciplinary approaches in PIFP management.
Pharmacological treatments, like tricyclic antidepressants, showed majority support but opioids should generally be avoided for PIFP.
Qualitative data transformed to quantitative through systematic text condensation in this three-round Delphi study.
International expert consensus offers a foundational step toward evidence-based guidelines for PIFP treatment.

Lindfors et al. (2025) studied this question.

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