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This is a Quantitative Study study (also classified as: Mixed-Methods).

October 23, 2025Open Access

Sustainable Restoration Strategies of a Major Degraded Mangrove Ecosystem Using Social-Ecological System Framework: A Case Study of Pondok Bali, North Coast of Java, Indonesia

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Analysis reveals mangrove degradation driven by land use change and sea level rise in Indonesia, indicating urgent restoration strategies are needed.

Mangrove degradation has led to significant environmental changes and affects community livelihoods.
The loss of mangrove coverage is linked with a retreat of up to 2.36 km along the coast since 1992.
Analysis utilized satellite imagery and causal loop diagrams to understand the historical drivers of mangrove loss.
Integrated engineering-ecological solutions supported by sustainable financing are vital for effective restoration.

Suroso et al. (2025) studied this question.

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Analysis reveals mangrove degradation driven by land use change and sea level rise in Indonesia, indicating urgent restoration strategies are needed.