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October 15, 2025European Journal of Population / Revue européenne de DémographieOpen Access

Origin, Generation, and Destination Country Context: Employment Changes and Childbearing Among Female Immigrants and Their Descendants in the UK, France, and Germany

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Authors

JMJúlia MikolaiHKHill KuluIDIsaure Delaporte

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Overview

This observational analysis shows employment changes linked to childbearing in female immigrants across the UK, France, and Germany, indicating critical insights for immigration policies.

Key Points

  • Mothers are more likely to exit employment than childless women, highlighting the impact of childbearing on female employment.
  • Event history models reveal that European and Western immigrants experience better employment re-entry compared to those from non-European countries.
  • The descendants of immigrants show higher employment levels than their parents, yet they still face disadvantages compared to native populations.
  • Differences in employment exit among mothers vary by country, with Germany showing the highest exit rates and France the lowest.

Cite This Study

Mikolai et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/68efa18f9d05deea71d13e80https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-025-09750-w
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