Theoretical principles of ensuring climate security in the national security system of Ukraine

The article states that climate security can be defined as the state of protection of an individual, society and the state from risks and threats associated with the negative consequences of global climate change. A society is considered to be climate-safe if it has the following characteristics: a high level of securitization of climate change at the state policy level; significant financial and organizational support for decarbonization processes from the state (including large investments in low-carbon development and strict climate regulation); a high level of public awareness of the need to combat climate change; as well as the presence of significant natural resources that contribute to maintaining protection from climate threats. The author identifies the main problems of climate security in Ukraine and proposes to introduce a regulatory and organizational mechanism for ensuring climate security in the national security system of Ukraine, which consists of the following elements. The central element of this mechanism is the formation and implementation of the National Climate Strategy. Its development should be based on internationally recognized documents — in particular, the Paris Climate Agreement, the European Green Deal, the UN Sustainable Development Goals — as well as on the best adaptation practices tested in EU countries. An equally important element of the regulatory and organizational mechanism is a clear definition of the goals and objectives of the state climate policy, which would take into account the cross-sectoral and regional context. The key to implementing climate policy is to determine the circle of entities participating in the formation and implementation of decisions. An important component is the creation of an effective mechanism for monitoring the implementation of climate measures. Such monitoring should be based on open data sources, meet international verification standards, be regular and provide not only public information, but also the possibility of analytical assessment and correction of decisions. A separate place in the mechanism is occupied by the identification and management of climate risks. To increase the systematicity and coordination of measures, it is advisable to create a permanent institutional body — the National Climate Council.