Cross-level study comparing campaign strategies in the 2024 European and National Parliament elections, highlighting negative campaigning and environmental policy.
Key Points
Negative campaigning occurred more frequently in the National Parliament election than in the European Parliament election.
Environmental policy discussions were significantly less common in the National Parliament campaign compared to the European Parliament campaign.
No significant differences were found in populist content or immigration issues between the two campaigns.
The second-order elections theory may not effectively analyze digital campaign strategies in this context.