Analysis of GNSS systems to improve trajectory estimation accuracy in testing, suggesting cost-effective options.
Organizing the process of testing arms and military equipment samples requires deciding on the method for obtaining the trajectory parameters of the object under study, using existing hardware or developing appropriate hardware. The input data for this is information about the test object and the requirements for evaluating its parameters. These requirements are: the ranges of change in the object’s motion parameters to be obtained during testing, the accuracy and reliability characteristics with which these parameters are to be evaluated, whether it is possible to install the test equipment on board, whether or not the object is expected to be destroyed during testing, whether it is possible to organize a communication channel with the object while it is moving in space, under what conditions the tests will be conducted, requirements for information leakage, and others. In addition to the factors listed above, resource indicators (cost and time) and the possible risks of equipment loss during testing must be taken into account. Given the significant development of trajectory estimation technologies based on the combination of inertial systems, equipment of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) signal consumers, and the relatively low cost characteristics of such solutions, these methods of determining the motion parameters of research objects are of interest to testers. The paper discusses the main characteristics of existing navigation satellite systems and the use of GNSS signal receivers for measuring trajectory parameters of test objects. Attention is paid to the modes of operation of GNSS user equipment, which directly affect the accuracy characteristics of the obtained positioning estimates. The technical and accuracy characteristics of the most economically available devices, both individual GNSS receivers and combined systems using different methods of measuring trajectory parameters, are analyzed. A classification of such systems by the criteria of measurement accuracy and cost is proposed. Various aspects of the use of these systems are considered. Recommendations for the selection of systems depending on the information about the test object and the requirements for evaluating its parameters are formulated.
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Kostrikov et al. (2025) studied this question.