October 3, 2025Open Access

The Impact of the Exchange Rate on Iraq’s Public Budget for the Period 2010–2024

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The analysis shows a significant impact of exchange rate fluctuations on Iraq's public budget components, emphasizing revenue dependency.
Key results indicate that exchange rate stability is crucial for maintaining budget balance, with coefficients of 210.7 for revenues and 93.1 for expenditures.
This study utilizes advanced econometric tools, including Granger Causality Test and Johansen Cointegration Test, to analyze the relationship between variables.
Findings underscore the effect of internal and external economic shocks on the exchange rate and public budget dynamics in Iraq.

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Quantitative analysis reveals significant impact of exchange rate on revenues and expenditures in Iraq's public budget.

Hammadi et al. (2025) studied this question.

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